In PA, when may a psychologist disclose confidential client information without consent?

• A. For imminent risk of harm to self or others.
• B. For a minor's request for records.
• C. In order to collect a delinquent debt.
• D. For marketing purposes with client consent.

Answer: (A)

The main concept is that confidentiality has carve-outs for safety. In Pennsylvania, a psychologist may disclose confidential information without a client's consent when there is imminent risk of harm to self or others. This exception exists to prevent immediate danger, so the psychologist can warn or take steps to protect the person at risk and those who might be affected. The disclosure should be limited to what’s necessary to address the danger and documented appropriately.

Releasing records at a minor’s request, collecting a delinquent debt, or using client information for marketing without consent do not fit this safety exception. A minor’s request for records generally requires appropriate privacy rules and consent, debt collection is not a permissible reason to disclose confidential information, and marketing requires explicit client consent.